. : BYZANTIUM 330-1453 : .


Byzantium 330 – 1453
Royal Academy of Arts - Main Galleries
25 October 2008 – 22 March 2009

From October 2008, the Royal Academy of Arts will host a ground-breaking exhibition devoted to Byzantium. Highlighting the splendours of the Byzantine Empire, the exhibition will comprise around 300 objects including icons, detached wall paintings, micro-mosaics, ivories, enamels plus gold and silver metalwork. Some of the works have never been displayed in public before. Byzantium 330–1453 will include great works from the San Marco Treasury in Venice and rare items from collections across Europe, the USA, Russia, Ukraine and Egypt. The exhibition begins with the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD by the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great and concludes with the capture of the city by the Ottoman forces of Mehmed II in 1453. This will be the first major exhibition on Byzantine Art in the United Kingdom for 50 years.

This epic exhibition has been made possible through a collaboration between the Royal Academy of Arts and the Benaki Museum, Athens.

Byzantium 330–1453 will follow a chronological progression covering the range, power and longevity of the artistic production of the Byzantine Empire through a number of themed sections. In this way the exhibition will explore the origins of Byzantium; the rise of Constantinople; the threat of iconoclasm when emperors banned Christian figurative art; the post-iconoclast revival; the remarkable crescendo in the Middle Ages and the close connections between Byzantine and early Renaissance art in Italy in the 13th and early 14th centuries. Between 1204 and 1261, Constantinople was in the hands of the Latin Crusaders, but the return of the Byzantine Emperors to the city initiated a final period of great diversity in art. Art from Constantinople, the Balkans and Russia show the final phase of refinement of distinctively Orthodox forms and functions, while Crete artists like Angelos Akotantos signed their icons and merged Byzantine and Italian styles. Up to the end of the Byzantine Empire, with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, manuscripts, micromosaics and metalwork demonstrates the virtuosity of its artists.

The exhibition will show the long history of Byzantine art and document the patrons and artists and the world in which they lived. Seeing themselves as the members of a Christian Roman Empire they believed that they represented the culmination of civilisation on earth. The art emits an intellectual, emotional and spiritual energy, yet is distinctive for the expression of passionate belief and high emotion within an art of moderation and restraint.

Byzantium 330-1453 will showcase the Antioch Chalice, 500–550AD, on loan from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. After its discovery in c.1911, the silver gilt artefact was believed to have been the Holy Grail, the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper. Major works from the Treasury of San Marco, Venice have been loaned to the Royal Academy including the ornate Chalice of the Patriarchs, c. 10th –11th century. Other highlights include a two-sided icon of Virgin Hodegetria (obverse) and the Man of Sorrows (reverse), 12th century, from the Byzantine Museum, Kastoria, an impressive 10–11th century imperial ivory casket from Troyes cathedral depicting hunting scenes and riders and the Homilies of Monk James Kokkinobaphos, a manuscript from 1100–1150AD on loan from the Bibliotheque Nationale de France, Paris.

Byzantium 330–1453 continues the RA’s tradition of hosting outstanding exhibitions exploring world cultures, which have included Africa: The Art of a Continent (1995), Aztecs (2002), Turks: A Journey of a Thousand Years (2005) and China: The Three Emperors, 1662–1795 (2006).

ORGANISATION

Byzantium 330–1453 has been organised by the Royal Academy of Arts and the Benaki Museum, Athens. The exhibition has been curated by Professor Robin Cormack, Courtauld Institute, London, Professor Maria Vassilaki, University of Thessaly at Volos and the Benaki Museum and Dr Adrian Locke, Acting Head of Exhibitions, Royal Academy of Arts.

More information can be seen at the address
http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibitions/byzantium/

At the exibition Byzantium 330 – 1453, The Museum of Applied Art, Belgrade exposes five very precious exibits, four from it’s own collection, and one from the Pećka Patrijaršija collection.

One of the most important displays is the icon of Saint Demetrius, made in one of the Athos’ monasteries, at the end of 14th, or at the beginning of the 15th century, and it represents the famous Morava school of art. Painted in an intimate manner, this icon was very attractive for the public at the exibition in Paris, and in some other places.

Besides the above mentioned icon, there is another extraordinary display, the famous cameo work Christ Pantocrator, from 13th century, and the original icon is in the Hilandar monastery (Holy Mother Odighitria). This pectoral icon is made of green precious stone jasper, on silver, and it is an example of fine small plastic artistic work.

A byzantine sward with golden incrustations is also a very rare example of the 14th century art, and it is completly preserved.

One of the rarities is the bell from Pećka Patrijaršija, a gift from a nobleman named Rodop. The Turks havedestroyed the greatest part of Serbian church bells until the 17th century, melting them to make guns and other weapons.

Another masterpiece is a censer, made in bronze, used in one of the Athos’ monasteries during the nocturnal liturgies.

 

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